CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
1.Fill in the blanks and complete the statements.
a. Methods like artificial insemination and embryo transplant are mainly used for animal husbandry.
b. Stem cell research is the revolutionary event in biotechnology after cloning.
c. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is Diabetes.
d. Government of India has encouraged the people of pisciculture for improving the productivity by launching NKM-16.
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
2.Match the pairs.
| A | B |
| a. Interferon | 1. Diabetes |
| b. Factor | 2. Dwarfness |
| c. Somatostatin | 3. Viral infection |
| d. Interleukin | 4. Cancer |
| 5. Haemophilia |
| A | B |
| a. Interferon | 3. Viral infection |
| b. Factor | 5. Haemophilia |
| c. Somatostatin | 2. Dwarfness |
| d. Interleukin | 4. Cancer |
3. Rewrite the following wrong statements after corrections.
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
a. Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique.
Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic technique.
b. Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soybean.
Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into cotton and Brinjal
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
4. Write short notes.
a, Biotechnology: Professional uses.
- It is used in the field of agriculture in order to improve crop variety and yields by techniques such genetic modification, as hybridization, etc.
- Techniques such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are useful in animal husbandry to improve quality and quantity of animal products like milk, wool, meat, etc.
- Biotechnology is used in the welfare of human health in diagnosis and treatment of diseases using vaccines, interferons, antibiotics, etc.
- Also, gene therapy and therapeutic cloning have application in treating genetic disorders.
- Biotechnology is used for the manufacture of industrial products, environmental management, food processing, green revolution, white revolution and blue revolution.
- DNA fingerprinting techniques play an important role in forensic sciences and paternity testing.
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
b. Importance of medicinal plants.
- Medicinal plants are considered as rich resources as they can be used to treat diseases through age- old traditions like Ayurveda with minimum side- effects.
- Adhatoda vasica (Adulsa), a medicinal plant found in India has applications in treating respiratory disorders.
- Another important medicinal plant, Azadirachta indica (neem) is used to treat intestinal worm infections, skin conditions and various other problems.
- Medicinal plants like Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Shatavari, amla, etc. have applications as home remedies to treat various ailments and strengthen the body, or commercially for the synthesis of drugs and cosmetic products
- 5. Answer the following questions in your own words.
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
a. Which products produced through biotechnology do you use in your daily life?
- Agricultural produce like rice, wheat, cotton, etc., grown using hybrid seeds, tissue culture or genetic modification.
- Animal products like wool, milk, meat, etc., that are produced by improved breeds of animals.
- Biotechnological products like vaccines, insulin, antibiotics, interferons are used to treat diseases, whereas, other biotechnological techniques can be used for early diagnosis of diseases.
- Industrial products like alcohol produced by fermentation of sugar molasses by transgenic yeast.
- Food items such as bread, idli, cheese, wine, beer, yoghurt and vinegar are produced using microbial biotechnology.
- Milk and milk products manufactured as a part of the white revolution by employing biotechnology.
- Fish and fishery products reared on a large-scale using biotechnology
- b. Which precautions will you take during spraying of pesticides?
- During spraying pesticides, all the people should cover their hands, mouth and face, to avoid exposure to harmful chemicals.
- Excess use of pesticides should be avoided, in order to prevent its entry into the food-web and water resources, thus preventing bio magnification of these toxic compounds.
- Use of less harmful or organic pesticides should be encouraged to reduce the level of toxicity.
- To reduce environmental pollution, chemical pesticides should be sprayed specifically only when required.
- c. Why some of the organs in human body are most valuable?
- Organs like the eyes, heart, lungs, pancreas, liver, bone, kidney and skin play significant roles in various activities and maintaining a healthy human life.
- A person will not be able to live a normal life if these organs are damaged or absent.
- Organs can also be donated to save the life of individuals in need.
- During the life of an individual, certain organs like kidney, skin, etc. can be donated to people who have lost the function of these organs due to aging, accidents, infections, disorders, etc.
- After death (posthumous), organs like liver, heart and eyes can be donated.
- Hence, these organs in the human body are more valuable.
- d. Explain the importance of fruit processing in human life?
- Fruit-processing includes the preparation of various food products using naturally grown fruits.
- Fruits are perishable agro-products and hence, they need to be processed in order to be used throughout the year.
- Seasonal fruit products can be made throughout the year by using processed fruits.
- Various products used in daily life such as chocolates, jams, juices and jellies are prepared by processing fruits.
- Fruit-processing plants also generate employment for the local people residing in the vicinity of the industries.
- Rural women are encouraged to be a part of such industries, thus giving them a source of earning their own money
- e Explain the meaning of vaccination.
- In vaccination, small amount of vaccine i.e. killed / inactivated form of pathogens is introduced into the body to induce immune response against a specific pathogen or disease.
- Ex. Polio vaccine, hepatitis vaccine, etc.
- Vaccines produced by biotechnology are comparatively safer than using completely or partially killed pathogens as vaccines.
- These vaccines are more thermo-stable.
- Vaccines produced by biotechnology remain active for longer periods in the body.
- Edible vaccines are also produced using biotechnology
- Ex. Transgenic potatoes provide immunity against cholera and diseases caused by E. coli.
6.Complete the following chart
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
7.Write the correct answer in blank circles.
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
8.Identify and complete the following correlations.
a.Insulin : Diabetes :: Interleukin : — — —
b. Interferon : — :: Erythropoietin :Anemia.
c. ——- : Dwarfness :: Factor VIII : Haemophilia.
d. White revolution : Dairy :: Blue revolution : — — — –.
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
9.Write a comparative note on usefulness and harmfulness of biotechnology.
The uses of biotechnology:
Biotechnology is used in the field of agriculture in order to improve crop variety and yields by techniques such genetic modification, as hybridization, etc.
Techniques such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are useful in animal husbandry to improve quality and/or quantity of animal products like milk, wool, meat, etc.
Biotechnology has applications for the welfare of human health in diagnosis and treatment of diseases using vaccines, interferons, antibiotics, etc. Also, gene therapy and therapeutic cloning have application in treating genetic disorders.
Biotechnology is used for the manufacture of industrial products, environmental management, food processing, green revolution, white revolution and blue revolution.
DNA fingerprinting techniques play an important role in forensic sciences and paternity testing.
- The harms of biotechnology:
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
Manufacture of vaccines requires the production of harmful pathogens. Accidental release of these pathogens in air or water can be extremely harmful to the environment.
Introducing modified genes in crop plants or animals to improve quality can threaten the local breeds.
Controlling the inheritance of hereditary characters through cloning may become a matter of serious concern.
Use of genetically modified species requires extensive testing and may have potential long term ill-effects on humans and environment.
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides produced using biotechnology may allow its entry into the food-web or water resources and result in problems of biomagnification of these toxic compounds.
CELL BILOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY EXERCISE
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